Very clear explanation, thanks,
Michel
The P2P Foundation researches, documents and promotes peer to peer
alternatives.
Wiki and Encyclopedia, at http://p2pfoundation.net; Blog, at http://
blog.p2pfoundation.net; Newsletter, at http://integralvisioning.org/
index.php?topic=p2p
Basic essay at http://www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=499;
interview at http://poynder.blogspot.com/2006/09/p2p-very-core-of-
world-to-come.html; video interview, at http://
www.masternewmedia.org/news/2006/09/29/
network_collaboration_peer_to_peer.htm
----- Original Message ----
From: Stefan Meretz <stefan.meretz hbv.org>
To: list-en oekonux.org
Sent: Sunday, January 6, 2008 5:34:45 AM
Subject: [ox-en] built-in infinite growth (was: Re: Meaning of
markets, scarcity, abundance)
Hi Michel,
I narrowed the topic just to the infinite growth question and
skiped
the
other points here.
On 2008-01-05 03:29, Michael Bauwens wrote:
What I'm not sure is why it is the commodity-money cycle (M-C-M)
that
is responsible for infinite growth. I think this cycle was operating
in stable local markets long before capitalism.
StefanMn already answered this point, however, maybe his
explanation
was
to short. StefanMn wrote:
Even then there might have been elements of exchange but
- as Marx rightly says - the important point is when the markets
shifted from a "Good => Money => Other Good" logic to a "Money =>
Commodity => More Money" logic - being the basis of capitalism.
This is also the root of where the logic of infinite growth creeps
in. Infinite growth is certainly alienated from humanity.
BC: Before capitalism we have C-M-C
By using "good" instead of "commodity" (as Marx did) Stefan is more
precise, because before capitalism goods had not been commodities.
Being a commodity is a special societal form goods (only) get in
capitalism. In the following I use "good" when talking about
pre-capitalism.
WC: Within capitalism we have M-C-M'
The really important sign here is the apostrophe, which you
forgot. It
indicates the entirely different dynamics of pre-capitalist markets
and
capitalist markets. Lets look a bit into it.
BC: Goods are generally produced for self-suffiency. To obtain goods
someone is not producing, the overplus of the produced goods are
brought to market: Either to exchange them directly with other goods
or
via money being the mediator. At the end, there is not a
"surplus
good",
but only an "other good". There is no (effective) driver for
progression. Things develop slowly and under circumstances of
personal
dominion.
WC: Roles and relationships of C (or G) and M have completely changed
(ignoring why and how). When BC the good and thus the needs are
starting and end point of the cycle, now money takes this place, and
commodities are in the roles of the mean. From the standpoint of the
cycle logic, the purpose concerning needs aren't of interest at
all.
The
products may be food or bombs, it doesn't count. The only purpose is
to
make money.
However, the purpose is not simply to make money, the purpose is to
make _more_ money than invested before. This more-logic comes from
competition of those producers who want to sell the same commodity on
a
limited market. A single capitalist can't say "my way of
production is
ok, I'll do it for the rest of my live", because the competitor
doesn't
sleep and produces the same commodities cheaper to overtake market
share from the competitor. Why overtaking market share? Because of
the
economics of scale: On a bigger scale you can produce cheaper (more
efficient in terms of value). Conclusion: All participants have to
strive for increasing the productivity of work to make their products
cheaper - by punishment of downfall. They have no choice if they want
to stay inside.
"Having no choice" means a coercion to follow the rules of the things
(the commodities). This leads to a reversal of the relationship
between
the social and the things. In capitalism it is no longer the case,
that
we organize socially what things we want to produce to satisfy our
needs, it is reversed: The things seem to have a life of its own,
they
move and say to us, want we should do, to satisfy their "needs". They
say: Produce me cheaper or you're out of the game. This really weird
behavior was named "fetishism" by Marx, and this was one of his most
important discoveries (and not the exploitation stuff, which of
course
it true anyway).
Marx in his own words: "Thus the participants in capitalist
production
live in a bewitched world and their own relationships appear to them
as
properties of things, as properties of the material elements of
production."
StefanMn uses another term addressing the same topic: alienation.
Production in capitalism is alienated, we don't do it for us, we
do it
for M' in M-C-M'. Thus the "C", the products, are only a by-
product of
an alienated logic, they are not the aim. Being only a by-product
also
means, that it cannot be controlled, what they are (food, bomb,
etc.),
because they all serve M'. And moreover, other externalities
cannot be
controlled too: CO2-emission etc. Ok, states try to implement some
controllings via prices, however, this doesn't really help. Stop.
Conclusion: The built-in infinite growth feature of capitalism
finally
eats the planet -- and us.
HTH,
Stefan
--
Start here: www.meretz.de
_________________________________
Web-Site: http://www.oekonux.org/
Organization: http://www.oekonux.de/projekt/
Contact: projekt oekonux.de
______________________________________________________________________
______________
Be a better friend, newshound, and
know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now. http://
mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ
_________________________________
Web-Site: http://www.oekonux.org/
Organization: http://www.oekonux.de/projekt/
Contact: projekt oekonux.de